Which fact-finding technique is usually considered the least expensive?

The least expensive fact-finding technique is typically document analysis. This technique involves reviewing existing documentation, such as reports, manuals, and system documentation, to gather relevant information about the system and understand its functionality or requirements.

Document analysis is cost-effective because it does not require direct interaction with individuals, which can be time-consuming and may involve additional costs associated with scheduling interviews or conducting surveys. Instead, analysts can access and review existing materials at their convenience, minimizing the need for resources or travel expenses.

In contrast, personal interviews require the analyst to schedule meetings, engage in discussions, and often involve multiple participants, which can significantly increase costs in terms of time and logistics. Surveys, while they can reach a large audience, often necessitate design, distribution, and analysis efforts that can entail additional expenses. Observation can also be costly, especially if it requires extended periods of monitoring and accessing various locations to observe processes in action.

Thus, document analysis stands out as the most economical approach for gathering initial insights and understanding project requirements, making it the preferred method in many circumstances.